Abstract:

This white paper presents a thorough scientific investigation into Coffea travancorensis, an intriguing coffee species indigenous to the Western Ghats region in India. We delve into its taxonomy, genetic diversity, morphological characteristics, geographic distribution, ecological significance, and potential applications. By shedding light on this lesser-known coffee species, we aim to contribute to the broader understanding of coffee biodiversity and its relevance in the modern world.

1. Introduction

Coffea travancorensis, a species of coffee within the Rubiaceae family, is native to the biodiverse Western Ghats region of India, particularly the state of Karnataka and Kerala. Despite its relative obscurity, this coffee species has captivated the scientific community and coffee enthusiasts alike for its unique attributes. Its IUCN “Vulnerable List” “VU”.

2. Taxonomy and Classification

Coffea travancorensis is systematically classified as follows:

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Phylum: Angiosperms
• Class: Eudicots
• Order: Gentianales
• Family: Rubiaceae
• Genus: Coffea
• Species: C. travancorensis

Understanding its taxonomic position provides essential context for further scientific exploration.

3. Genetic Diversity

Genetic studies have revealed a remarkable genetic diversity within Coffea travancorensis, setting it apart from other coffee species. This diversity offers promising prospects for coffee breeders aiming to develop varieties with enhanced traits such as disease resistance, flavor profiles, and adaptability to changing climates.

4. Morphological Characteristics

Coffea travancorensis showcases unique morphological features, making it an intriguing subject for botanical analysis:

• Leaves: Elliptical and glossy, with prominent veins, common traits among many coffee species.
• Flowers: Fragrant and white, in line with other Coffea species.
• Fruits: Small, spherical, and maturing to deep red or purple, with each cherry containing two seeds (coffee beans), mirroring the characteristics of other coffee species.

5. Geographic Distribution

This coffee species thrives predominantly in the Western Ghats, contributing significantly to the region’s biodiversity and ecological balance.

6. Ecological Significance

Coffea travancorensis plays a pivotal role in the ecosystem:

• Biodiversity: It enriches the Western Ghats’ biodiversity, providing habitat and sustenance to various plant and animal species.
• Pollinators: Fragrant flowers attract pollinators, facilitating pollination networks and ecosystem health.
• Economic Potential: Although not a major commercial crop, its potential in specialty coffee markets holds promise for local economic development.

7. Conservation Status

Coffea travancorensis faces habitat loss threats due to deforestation and agricultural expansion, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to safeguard this unique coffee species and its ecosystem contributions.

8. Conclusion

Coffea travancorensis represents an exciting discovery in the world of coffee biodiversity. Its genetic diversity, morphological distinctiveness, and ecological significance make it a valuable subject for scientific research, conservation efforts, and potential applications in coffee breeding and specialty markets.

This white paper serves as a foundation for future studies and collaborations, shedding light on Coffea travancorensis’s significance in the broader context of coffee science and conservation. As we delve deeper into the enigma of this unique coffee species, we enrich our understanding of coffee biodiversity and its potential impact on sustainable agriculture and ecological preservation.

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